Paramita
Pāramitā (Sanskrit) or Parami (Pāli): “Perfection” or “Transcendent”.
In Buddhism, the Paramitas refer to the perfection or culmination of certain practices.
These practices are cultivated by Bodhisattvas for crossing from sensuous life (Samsara) to Enlightenment (Nirvana).
In Theravada Buddhism, the Ten Perfections (Paramis) are; (original terms in Pali)
- dāna parami : generosity, giving of oneself
- sila parami : virtue, morality, proper conduct
- nekhamma parami : renunciation
- panna parami : transcendental wisdom, insight
- viriya parami : energy, diligence, vigour, effort
- kṣanti parami : patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
- sacca parami : truthfulness, honesty
- aditthana parami : determination, resolution
- metta parami : loving-kindness
- upekkha parami : equanimity, serenity
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Perfection of Wisdom (Prajna-paramita) Sutra and Lotus (Saddharmapundarika) Sutra list the Six Perfections as; (original terms in Sanskrit)
- Dāna paramita: generosity, giving of oneself
- Sila paramita : virtue, morality, proper conduct
- Kṣanti paramita : patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance
- Virya paramita : energy, diligence, vigour, effort
- Dhyāna paramita : one-pointed concentration, contemplation
- Prajña paramita : wisdom, insight
The later Ten Stages (Dasabhumika) Sutra lists another four;
- 7. Upāya paramita: skillful means
- 8. Pranidhana paramita: vow, resolution, aspiration, determination
- 9. Bala paramita: spiritual power
- 10. Jñana paramita: knowledge
Páramitá Paramita Paramita 波羅蜜 Paramitas Парамита
